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Battle of Spencer's Ordinary From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2022-10-03 01:26 UTC
The Battle of Spencer’s Ordinary was an inconclusive skirmish that took place on 26 June 1781, late in the American Revolutionary War. British forces under Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe and American forces under Colonel Richard Butler, light detachments from the armies of General Lord Cornwallis and the Marquis de Lafayette respectively, clashed near a tavern (the “ordinary”) at a road intersection not far from Williamsburg, Virginia.
Lafayette had been shadowing Cornwallis as he moved his army toward Williamsburg from central Virginia. Aware that Simcoe had become separated from Cornwallis, he sent Butler out in an attempt to cut Simcoe off. Both sides, concerned that the other might be reinforced by its main army, eventually broke off the battle.
Background
Main articles: Yorktown campaign and Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War
In May 1781, Lord Charles Cornwallis arrived in Petersburg, Virginia after a lengthy campaign through North and South Carolina. In addition to his 1,400 troops, he assumed command of another 3,600 troops that had been under the command of the turncoat Benedict Arnold, and was soon thereafter further reinforced by about 2,000 more troops sent from New York.[4] These forces were opposed by a much smaller Continental Army force led by the Marquis de Lafayette, then located at Richmond.[5] Following orders originally given to Arnold’s predecessor in command, William Phillips (who died a week before Cornwallis’ arrival), Cornwallis worked to eliminate Virginia’s ability to support the revolutionary cause, and gave chase to Lafayette’s army, which numbered barely 3,000 and included a large number of inexperienced militia.[6][7]
Lafayette successfully eluded engaging Cornwallis for about one month, who used his numerical advantage to detach forces for raids against economic, military, and political targets in central Virginia. Cornwallis then turned back to the east, marching for Williamsburg. Lafayette, whose force grew to number about 4,000 with the arrival of Continental Army reinforcements under General Anthony Wayne and additional experienced militiamen under William Campbell, followed Cornwallis.[8] Buoyed by the increase in his troop strength, Lafayette also became more aggressive in his tactics, sending out detachments of his force to counteract those that Cornwallis sent on forage and raiding expeditions.[9] These detachments were composed of select units taken from a variety of regiments. Among those that were commonly in the army’s advance guard were a combined cavalry and infantry unit from Pennsylvania under Captain William McPherson, and companies of Virginia riflemen under Majors Richard Call and John Willis.[10]
Jean Laurent Mosnier, 1791
Lafayette, once he was joined by Wayne and Campbell, wanted to engage elements of Cornwallis’ army without necessarily facing its full strength.[9] As Cornwallis approached Williamsburg, Lafayette and Wayne received word that Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe and his Loyalist regiment of Queen’s Rangers were returning from a raid to destroy boats and forage for supplies on the Chickahominy River.[10] Simcoe’s full force included, in addition to the Rangers, a few companies of Hessian jägers led by Captains Johann Ewald and Johann Althaus.[11] On the night of 25 June, Wayne sent most of the advance guard under Colonel Richard Butler, including McPherson, Call, and Willis, to intercept Simcoe’s force. A forward party of about 50 dragoons and 50 light infantry under McPherson caught up with advance companies of Simcoe’s force near Spencer’s Ordinary, a tavern at a road intersection about 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Williamsburg.[12]
Battle
Map by Johann Ewald depicting the action. American forces are yellow, British blue.
Simcoe’s troops were moving down the road toward Williamsburg, convoying some cattle with the infantry and jägers in the lead under Major Richard Armstrong, with Simcoe and the cavalry about an hour behind them. At Spencer’s Ordinary (“ordinary” meaning tavern at the time), the troops rejoined and paused to rest. Simcoe ordered fences in the area torn down since “it was an admirable place for the chicanery of action”.[11] While they rested, some of the Loyalists went out to round up more cattle found in the area, and the cavalry went to a nearby farm to feed their horses.[11] McPherson’s men encountered the latter, whose sentries raised the alarm to the main body. Simcoe’s cavalry charged McPherson’s formation, breaking it up. McPherson and a number of his men were unhorsed in the melee, and several were taken prisoner before the leading edge of Butler’s main force began to arrive.[12] Simcoe ordered most of the infantry up to support his cavalry, and sent the jägers and light infantry into the woods on the right to flank the arriving enemy column.[13] By questioning the prisoners, Simcoe learned that Lafayette was not far off. He sent word to Cornwallis, dispatched the cattle convoy toward Williamsburg, and ordered trees to be felled to make a barricade across the road as a point of defense. He then arrayed his troops in a way calculated to mislead the Americans into believing that more troops were in formation just over a rise.[13] When Butler’s force arrived, Simcoe ordered an infantry charge. This scattered the first wave of Butler’s men into the nearby woods, where the jägers then pushed them back. However, Butler’s men continued to advance. Simcoe ordered a cavalry charge and fired a field cannon to give the impression that a larger force was arriving. The charge forced Butler’s men back, at which point the two forces disengaged, Simcoe because he was concerned that Lafayette was approaching, and Butler because his men were fooled by Simcoe’s stratagem.[3][14]
Aftermath[edit]
Simcoe left his wounded men at the tavern under a truce flag, and withdrew down the Williamsburg road, joining with forces Cornwallis sent about two miles (3.2 km) down the road.[1] The Americans retreated to Lafayette’s camp at Tyre’s Plantation,[14] and Simcoe was able to return to the tavern and recover his wounded.[1]
Simcoe reported his losses at 11 killed and 25 wounded, and the American loss at 9 killed, 14 wounded, and 32 captured.[1][3] Lafayette claimed the Americans had killed 60 and wounded 100, while Cornwallis claimed the British had 33 killed and wounded.[14] (The latter number agrees with that provided by Fryer and Dracott if Hessian casualties are excluded.)[3]
The location of the battle is now within the grounds of James City County’s Freedom Park in Williamsburg. Published park materials do not indicate if the exact location is marked in any way.[15]
Butler’s identity[edit]
Sources disagree on the name of the Butler who commanded the American force. In early histories, Benson Lossing claims that one Percival Butler was in command, who had also served under Daniel Morgan in earlier campaigns,[16] while Henry Johnston identifies the commander as Richard Butler, a hero of Stony Point.[12] In modern histories, Fryer and Dracott also identify him as Richard, while Brendan Morrissey apparently misidentifies him as John Butler.[1][17]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Fryer and Dracott, p. 70
^ Fryer and Dracott, p. 65
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fryer and Dracott, p. 69
^ Wickwire, p. 326. See preceding pages for details of Cornwallis’ Carolina campaigning.
^ Clary, pp. 303-304
^ Wickwire, pp. 328-329
^ Clary, p. 305
^ Clary, pp. 303-309
^ Jump up to: a b Wickwire, p. 335
^ Jump up to: a b Johnston, p. 55
^ Jump up to: a b c Fryer and Dracott, p. 66
^ Jump up to: a b c Johnston, p. 56
^ Jump up to: a b Fryer and Dracott, p. 67
^ Jump up to: a b c Lossing, p. 259
^ James City County Parks & Recreation – Freedom Park
^ Lossing, p. 258
^ Morrissey, p. 25
References
Campbell, Charles; Campbell, Samuel Legrand (1847). Introduction to the history of the colony and ancient dominion of Virginia. Richmond, VA: B. B. Minor. OCLC 3266340.
Clary, David A (2007). Adopted Son: Washington, Lafayette, and the Friendship that Saved the Revolution. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-80435-5. OCLC 166358616.
Fryer, Mary Beacock; Dracott, Christopher (1998). John Graves Simcoe, 1752-1806: a biography. Toronto: Dundurn. ISBN 978-1-55002-309-1. OCLC 246610750.
Johnston, Henry Phelps (1881). The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781. New York: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 426009.
Lossing, Benson (2006) [1859]. The Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, Volume 2. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4254-9144-4. OCLC 65737415.
Morrissey, Brendan (1997). Yorktown 1781: the world turned upside down. London: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-688-0. OCLC 39028166.
Nelson, Paul David (1985). Anthony Wayne, soldier of the early republic. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-30751-4. OCLC 11518827.
Wickwire, Franklin and Mary (1970). Cornwallis: The American Adventure. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. OCLC 62690.

Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
2022-06-01 08:00 - 17:00
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill (sometimes referred to as the Second Battle of Camden) was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought on April 25, 1781, near Camden, South Carolina. A small American force under Nathanael Greene occupying Hobkirk’s Hill, north of Camden, was attacked by British troops led by Francis Rawdon. After a fierce clash, Greene retreated, leaving Rawdon’s smaller force in possession of the hill.
Despite the victory, Rawdon soon fell back to Camden and two weeks later found it necessary to abandon Camden and withdraw toward Charleston, South Carolina. The battle was one of four contests in which Greene was defeated, though his overall strategy was successful in depriving the British of all South Carolina except Charleston. The battlefield marker is located at Broad Street and Greene Street two miles north of the center of modern Camden.
Background
After the Battle of Guilford Court House, Cornwallis‘s force was spent and in great need of supply. He therefore moved his army towards Wilmington, North Carolina where he had previously ordered supplies to be sent. Greene pursued the British force for a short time before deciding to take his forces into South Carolina. Greene hoped that by threatening the British garrisons in the state he could force Cornwallis to pursue him and then engage the British on ground favorable to his army. When informed of this strategy, Henry “Light Horse Harry” Lee replied on April 2:
I am decidedly of opinion with you that nothing is left for you but to imitate the example of Scipio Africanus.
When Cornwallis did not pursue the Continental Army, Greene chose to reduce the British garrisons scattered throughout South Carolina in order to force the British back into Charleston. To this end, Greene started his army of 1,450 men, made up of four Continental regiments, Lee’s Legion, Washington‘s Cavalry and Campbell’s Riflemen, as rapidly and secretly as possible towards Camden, which was at the center of the British line of posts in South Carolina. At the same time he hoped to secure the cooperation of the various partisan bands in South Carolina. The movement was part of an intricate campaign organised by Greene involving Continental and militia troops all across the colony. To that end, he sent Lee and his men to assist General Francis Marion, whose small band of militia was being pursued by 400 British troops under John Watson, in the hopes of preventing Watson and his men from reaching Camden before the battle. To that end he was successful, as the combined forces of Lee and Marion forced Watson to make a lengthy detour before eventually rejoining the British forces at Camden after the battle.
The Camden garrison under Lord Francis Rawdon included the 63rd (The West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot, the Loyalist Volunteers of Ireland, the King’s American Regiment, the New York Volunteers, the South Carolina Royalists and a small detachment of cavalry.
The town of Camden was situated on a gentle elevation. To the south and southwest lay the Wateree River and to the east was Pinetree creek. A ring of redoubts, constructed by the British during their year-long occupation of the town, stretched from the Wateree to the Pinetree and covered the northern approaches. Upon arrival on April 20, 1781 at Camden, it was apparent that the Continentals had lost the element of surprise as Rawdon’s forces were prepared on all fronts. Being unable to storm the town or surround the entire circle of fortifications, Greene chose to encamp his army about a mile and a half away on a small elevation called Hobkirk’s Hill, blocking Great Waxhaw Road.[11] As he did not have enough men to besiege Camden, Greene, hoping to draw Rawdon into an attack on the position, organized the camp so that battle positions could be taken quickly in the event of an alarm.
The following evening, Greene’s intelligence indicated that a force of some four hundred British soldiers was marching to Camden to join Rawdon’s garrison. Greene detached some of the South Carolina militia under Colonel Carrington to the east with some of his artillery to cover the road from Charleston. Finding the terrain to marshy for the artillery, Carrington removed the cannon to a position of safety and awaited further orders. On April 24, having received updated information that the additional forces were not on their way to join the Camden garrison, Greene ordered Carrington back to Hobkirk’s Hill.
Early the next morning a Continental deserter, sometimes identified as a drummer, made his way into Camden. He was brought before Rawdon and informed the British commander of the Continental Army’s dispositions and that they had no artillery. Fearing that Generals Marion and Lee were on their way to join Greene and believing the Continental artillery was many miles away, Rawdon decided it was a judicious time to attack.
Battle
Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill
On the morning of April 25, 1781, Rawdon was still under the impression that the Continental army was without its artillery. At approximately 9:00 am he left the security of the Camden fortifications with 900 troops. Unknown to Rawdon, Carrington had returned to Hobkirk’s Hill that morning, together with the artillery and provisions, which were distributed to the Continental troops. At around 11 am, while many of the Continentals were occupied with cooking and washing clothes, their advanced pickets detected the British forces which had gained the American left by a long march skirting a swamp next to the ridge occupied by the Continental Army.
The advanced pickets, under Captain Robert Kirkwood, were able to delay the British advance giving Greene time to give orders and line his forces up for battle. He placed the Virginia Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Campbell on the extreme right with another Virginia Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Samuel Hawes to their left. On the extreme left, Greene placed the 5th Maryland Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin Ford, with the 1st Maryland Regiment commanded by John Gunby to their right. The artillery was placed in the center with North Carolina militia in the rear. The three 6-pound cannons and 40 Virginia gunners were directed by Colonel Charles Harrison.
Having extricated his forces from the woods and forced back the pickets, Rawdon arranged his forces and slowly advanced up the ridge towards the waiting Continentals. Greene, perceiving the British forces were presenting a narrow front, ordered an attack. He instructed Campbell on the right to wheel his men to the left and engage the British on their flank with Ford to take his men and make a similar movement on the left. Greene ordered the two remaining regiments in the center to advance with bayonets and confront the enemy head on, while Washington was to take his cavalry around the British left flank and attack the enemy in the rear. The forceful movement of the Americans and the unexpected contribution of their artillery to the exchange inflicted heavy casualties on the British, but their line held.
During the advance of the 1st Maryland on the British left, Captain William Beatty Jr., who was in command to the right of the 1st Maryland regiment, was killed causing his company to stop their advance. Gunby ordered his men to stop their advance and fall back with the intention of reforming their line. At this time, Benjamin Ford of the 5th Maryland was mortally wounded throwing his troops into disorder. When the Continental flank began to fall apart, Lord Rawdon and the Volunteers of Ireland (Rawdon’s Personal Regiment) charged. The Maryland troops rallied briefly to fire a few rounds and then fled. Lord Rawdon, although outnumbered nearly two to one, and without artillery, took the field.
Casualties
The British casualties were 39 killed, 210 wounded and 12 missing. The American casualties may be ascertained from two documents written by Colonel Otho Holland Williams, General Greene’s deputy adjutant-general. The first of these, a ‘List of the officers killed, wounded, and taken prisoners, in the action before Camden, the 25th of April, 1781’, details 1 officer and 18 enlisted men killed, 5 officers and 108 enlisted men wounded, 2 officers captured (one of them wounded) and 136 enlisted men missing. Williams wrote, “The greatest part of those who are missing had not well understood the order to rally at Saunder’s creek; some were killed; 47 of them were wounded, and are in the enemy’s hospital; we have tidings of about one third of the remaining number, and hope they will be able to join us”. The second of these documents is a letter from Williams to his brother, dated April 27, in which he wrote, “Capt I. Smith of the Third, and Capt Lunt [Lieut] Bruff are both prisoners, last wounded. Lieut Trueman is a prisoner, and it is said thirty-nine privates of our army are taken, besides a number wounded, the whole amounting to about fifty” This would indicate that 2 officers and 39 enlisted men were taken prisoner apart from the 1 officer and 47 enlisted men who were wounded and captured. The total American loss at Hobkirk’s Hill would therefore appear to be 19 killed; 113 wounded; 48 wounded prisoners; 41 unwounded prisoners and 50 missing unaccounted for, some of whom were killed.
Aftermath
Washington and his cavalry never made it to the action. Their circuit to reach the British rear took them to Rawdon’s hospital and commissary area, where they took 200 prisoners. Thus laden, they were too late to assist in the battle, and joined Greene’s army on its retreat from the battlefield.[4] Washington did, however, return in time to save the three cannons from capture. The guns were dragged from the field by 45 Maryland infantrymen. This company repelled a number of charges by loyalist horsemen under John Coffin but they suffered serious losses in the process.
The American retreat did not last long. Rawdon withdrew most of his forces to Camden, leaving only a company of dragoons at the battlefield. That afternoon, Greene sent Washington and Kirkwood back to Hobkirk’s Hill, where they ambushed and drove the dragoons away; Greene turned the army around and reoccupied the site. Colonel Gunby was castigated by Greene for his actions that caused the line to break. A court martial that was immediately convened found that his “spirit and activity were unexceptionable” but that his order to fall back was “in all probability the only cause why we did not obtain a complete victory, without mentioning the failures of Washington and his cavalry’s late arrival.
Rawdon returned to Camden, where Watson’s men joined him on May 7. However, the ongoing presence of Greene on one flank and South Carolina militia general Thomas Sumter on another, and the fact that Marion and Lee were wreaking havoc with his supply and communications with Charleston, convinced him that he could no longer hold Camden. On May 9, Rawdon abandoned Camden, retreating to Moncks Corner.
It is notable that the future seventh president of the United States, Andrew Jackson, witnessed the battle. He was being held by the British at the Camden District jail as a prisoner of war.
See also

American Revolutionary War § War in the South. Places ‘ Battle of Hobkirk’s Hill ‘ in overall sequence and strategic context.

References[edit]

Boatner, Mark M. III (1994). Encyclopedia of the American Revolution. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-0578-1.
Greene, Francis Vinton D. General Greene Appleton and Company 1893
Marshall, John Life of George Washington Second Edition J. Crissy 1836
Gunby, Andrew Augustus Colonel John Gunby of the Maryland Line The Robert Clarke Company 1902
James, Marquis Andrew Jackson, the Border Captain Bobbs-Merrill Company 1933. reprinted by Grosset and Dunlop, New York 1971
O’Kelley, Patrick (2005). Nothing but Blood and Slaughter: The Revolutionary War in the Carolinas. Volume Three, 1781. Blue House Tavern Press. ISBN 1-59113-700-4.
Pancake, John (1985). This Destructive War. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0191-7.
Tarleton, Banastre (1967) [1787]. A History of the Campaigns of 1780 and 1781, in the Southern Provinces of North America. Spartanburg, NC: The Reprint Company.
Trevelyan, Sir George O. (1914). “George the Third and Charles Fox: The Concluding Part of The American Revolution”. New York and elsewhere: Longmans, Green and Co.
Ward, Christopher. “War of the Revolution” 2 Volumes, MacMillan, New York, 1952.

Battle of Cowpens
2022-02-01 23:00
The Continental Army had suffered crushing defeats in the Southern Colonies. General George Washington had seen one army captured in the Siege of Charleston, a devastating massacre at the Battle of Waxhaws, and another army destroyed in the Battle of Camden.
The moral of the war in the south was not good, to say the least. However, there was one bright spot and that was Nathanael Greene.
Nathanael Greene was a former Quaker from Rhode Island who had served in the Rhode Island militia as a young man and had managed to rise through the ranks on his own merit. He was a brilliant tactician and a great administrator. He served George Washington as a Quartermaster General.Although Greene preferred it on the battlefield he served well and re-organized the supply lines of the Continental Army. When General Horatio Gates fled from battle and then replaced by Greene.
When Greene arrived in the South Carolina colony the situation was bleak. The army was in shambles, supply lines were terrible, morale was at an all-time low and General Cornwallis was in hot pursuit.
However, Greene revitalized the army and brilliantly split the army in two to help supply it. He would command one wing and the other would be commanded by Daniel Morgan.
Daniel Morgan was a rugged frontiersman that had been in the army since the French and Indian War. He served valiantly and was captured in the Battle of Quebec and was an influential part in the Battle of Saratoga. Morgan came up with one of the most original ideas of the war and was one of the first commanders to use militia correctly.
He was a creative commander who understood how to use militia properly and nowhere is it seen better than in the Battle of Cowpens against Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton.
General Daniel Morgan’s Plan
Morgan knew exactly where Tarleton was, which gave him time to study the terrain of Cowpens and develop a strategy that not only fit his men but would also fit the terrain.
He decided that he would place his army between the Broad River and Pacolet River making it impossible for the Continentals to retreat.
This would also help his militia units to stay in the field and not run from the battle which is what happened at the Battle of Camden.
Morgan then made three lines. The first line was marksmen from Georgia and North Carolina and would be a line of skirmishers. These men would have immediate effects on Tarleton’s men by firing at them with their rifles, then fading into the second line.
The second line was militia with one small line of militia slightly in front.
This line would help protect the skirmishers from bayonets. Morgan ordered them to fire at the British and target the officers. Once a couple of volleys were fired they were to retreat behind the third line and regroup. This was the key to Morgan’s strategy.The third line was Morgan’s regulars and behind them was William Washington’s cavalry.
The Fighting
As expected Tarleton came rolling into the Battle of Cowpens and quickly formed a line and attack Morgan headfirst. Tarleton’s brashness would play right into the “Old Waggoners” hands.
Tarleton’s men were quickly met with deadly fire from the skirmishers. The British regrouped and charged forward again, this time meeting the second line of militiamen and sharpshooters.
The British were once again hit hard and many of their officers fell to the ground. Still, they regrouped (similar to the Battle of Bunker Hill) and charged forward and were once again met with heavy fire.
Once the second volley was complete the militia retreated behind the third line and Tarleton’s Dragoons attacked them in retreat but were repelled by William Washington’s Calvary.
The British were now exhausted and utterly spent, but they were still face-to-face with the General Daniel Morgan’s regulars. Tarleton who would not go down so easily located the Highlanders in reserve and ordered them to charge.
The Highlanders were met with fierce fire and the Continentals were ordered to form a redoubt and face the Highlanders head on. The order was misinterpreted and Morgan’s army began to retreat.
General Daniel Morgan rode forward and reformed the line. The Continentals fired one devastating volley and then charged with the bayonet. The British were defeated. The Battle of Cowpens lasted about an hour. It was a sound American victory.
Aftermath
The Battle of Cowpens was the turning point of the war in the South. It destroyed an entire wing of Cornwallis and left him vulnerable.
He would then pursue Nathanael Greene with reckless abandon. It would end in at Guilford Courthouse which would devastate Cornwallis and force him to retreat to Yorktown.
After the Battle of Cowpens, General Daniel Morgan requested that he be allowed to leave the army. He suffered from a serious case of sciatica which left him crippled at times. Greene would oblige him and give him much honor upon retiring.

2020-12-18 08:00 - 17:00
Mar 1780 Indian raiding parties.
During the spring of 1780, Indian war parties were constantly leaving Fort Niagara for the frontiers of New York, Pennsylvania, and as far south as Virginia. The raiding parties ranged in size from six to seventy-five men. Returning to Fort Niagara, the parties brought in prisoners, livestock, and reports of settlers killed and barns burned.
Sources: Barbara Graymont, The Iroquois in the American Revolution.
Gavin K. Watt, The Burning of the Valleys.
April 7, 1780 Harpersfield attacked.
A detachment of Rebel militia under the command of Captain Alexander Harper traveled from Schoharie to Harpersfield (some thirty miles). Their purpose was to gather sap and produce maple syrup/sugar to supplement the meager food supplies at the Schoharie forts. While gathering the sap, the men were surprised by a war party led by the Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant. Three of the Rebels were killed and eleven taken prisoner including Capt. Harper.
One of the prisoners, Freegift Patchin, later related the story of their capture and travails as prisoners. He mentioned one Loyalist, a Mr. Beacraft, who threatened to kill them right after their capture. Patchin also remembered a confrontation between Capt. Harper and Joseph Brant. Brant was about to tomahawk Harper when, instead, he decided to question Harper about the Schoharie forts. Harper assumed Brant was on his way to attack the settlements and forts on the Schoharie Kill (Creek). When Brant asked him if there were Continental soldiers around, Harper replied that three hundred Continentals had just arrived to defend the forts. It was a lie, but Brant believed Harper and the war party with their prisoners departed for Fort Niagara.
Had Harper not been able to convince Brant to not attack Schoharie, the number of prisoners heading for Fort Niagara would have been much greater than eleven.
Sources: Edward Hagan, War in Schohary.
Isabel Kelsay, Joseph Brant: Man of Two Worlds.
Josiah Priest, The Captivity and Sufferings of Gen. Freegift Patchin…

Sudbury Colonial Faire and Fife & Drum Muster
2018-09-29 10:00 - 17:00 | Longfellow’s Wayside Inn 72 Wayside Inn Road, Sudbury, MA, United States
Time: Opens at 10:00 with a Colonial encampment, militia and crafts demonstrations, and contradancing. We expect dozens of colonial and craft vendors and fife and drum corps.
Notes: Parade starts at noon with 25 fife and drum corps.

WESTBROOK MUSTER
2018-08-24 23:00 - 2018-08-25 23:00 | WESTBROOK, CT, Ted Lane Ball Field in Westbrook (18 South Main Street).
August 24https://www.hauleymusic.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=334&action=edit-25 (Fri-Sat)
Time: TATTOO FRI. 7 PM.
PARADE SAT. 11 PM. MUSTER TO FOLLOW
The Westbrook Boy Scouts will be serving a variety of different treats at the field. A muster meal will be provided for participating corps in the firehouse from 3-5pm.
Limited camping is available on a first come first serve basis. Tarps are allowed around the field in specified areas. Camping and tarp setup may begin at 9am Friday. The entire field must be cleared by 12pm Sunday.
This year, there will be a very special reveal of the Tattoo Line Up, one week before the muster, on Friday, August 18 at 6:00 pm. The Muster Line Up will be announced on Friday, August 25 at 9:00 am. Both Line Ups can be found on our Facebook Page and Website.

DEEP RIVER F. & D. MUSTER
2018-07-20 19:00 - 2018-07-21 23:30 | DEEP RIVER, CT, DEVITT FIELD
The parade starts at the corner of Main and Kirtland Streets and proceeds down Main Street to Devitt’s Field.
The DRAM is the oldest and largest gathering of fife and drum participants and enthusiasts in the world and has been referred to as “The Granddaddy of All Musters”, and “A Colonial Woodstock”.
July 14-15 (Fri-Sat)
Time: 7 PM FRIDAY TATTOO
11 PM. SATURDAY PARADE – MUSTER TO FOLLOW
Location: DEVITT FIELD

LEXINGTON F. & D. MUSTER
2018-05-05 12:00 - 17:00 | MINUTE MAN NATIONAL PARK, LEXINGTON, MA, United States
This has become a cherished annual event in Lexington, taking place during the first weekend of May, and attended by corps from all over New England, and beyond.
Contact: Carmfifes@gmail.com
Phone: (508) 278-2803

NO FOOLIN' JAM SESSION
2018-04-07 13:00 - 18:00 | IRISH-AMERICAN CENTER 375 ONTARIO ST., ALBANY, NY, United States
Enjoy a great afternoon of music and socializing with many of your fife and drum friends. We will be serving complementary beverages and snacks and we will again be treating all of our guests to a mid-afternoon buffet! We will be holding a raffle to help defray the cost of the jam. If you wish to donate a prize for the raffle, just bring it to the jam!A great way to warm up for the upcoming muster season!
Past jam attendees keep coming back – that’s all you need to know!!
Contact :JIM WILLEY
Phone : (518) 439-8727
